Factors Predicting Difficulty in Insertion of Real?Time?Three?Dimensional Transesophageal Echocardiography Probe in Adult Patients Undergoing Cardiac Surgery

Background:Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) probe insertion may be associated with many complications. Demographic factors and airway conditions such as high Mallampati scores (MMC) and Cormack-Lehane grades (MCLG) are likely to have an impact on its ease of insertion. The primary aim of this study was to identify the predictive factors for difficult real-time-three-dimensional TEE probe insertion. Methods: A total of 153 adult patients undergoing cardiac surgery were prospectively evaluated. The upper airway manipulations required for TEE probe placement were jaw thrust, reverse Sellick抯 maneuver, and laryngoscopy. All the patients who required airway manipulations were grouped under difficult TEE probe placement group. We evaluated the patients� predictive factors such as demographic characteristics and factors related to difficult intubation. Results: Out of 153 patients, 123 were males and 30 were females. Overall, 27.5% (n = 42) patients had difficulty in probe placement. About 31.7% (n = 39) males had difficulty in TEE probe placement against 13% (n = 4) females (P?value 0.045). Difficulty in TEE probe placement was found in 72.7% (n = 16) of obese patients (body mass index [BMI] > 30), compared to 18.6% (n = 17) in the patients with BMI less than 25 (P-value < 0.001). Probe insertion was significantly more difficult in the presence of MMC III and IV (50%, n = 18) compared to class I (19.2%, n = 10) (P?value 0.001) and MCLG III (73.3%, n = 22) compared to grade I (11.1%, n = 7) (P-value 0.001). Conclusion: Male gender, obesity, higher grades of MMC and MCLG were found to be the risk factors for difficult TEE probe placement in anesthetized patients.

Comparison of different approaches for direct coupling of solid-phase microextraction to mass spectrometry for drugs of abuse analysis in plasma / 药物分析学报

The direct coupling of solid-phase microextraction(SPME)to mass spectrometry(MS)(SPME-MS)has proven to be an effective method for the fast screening and quantitative analysis of compounds in complex matrices such as blood and plasma.In recent years,our lab has developed three novel SPME-MS techniques:SPME-microfluidic open interface-MS(SPME-MOI-MS),coated blade spray-MS(CBS-MS),and SPME-probe electrospray ionization-MS(SPME-PESI-MS).The fast and high-throughput nature of these SPME-MS technologies makes them attractive options for point-of-care analysis and anti-doping testing.However,all these three techniques utilize different SPME geometries and were tested with different MS instruments.Lack of comparative data makes it difficult to determine which of these methodologies is the best option for any given application.This work fills this gap by making a comprehensive comparison of these three technologies with different SPME devices including SPME fibers,CBS blades,and SPME-PESI probes and SPME-liquid chromatography-MS(SPME-LC-MS)for the analysis of drugs of abuse using the same MS instrument.Furthermore,for the first time,we developed different desorption chambers for MOI-MS for coupling with SPME fibers,CBS blades,and SPME-PESI probes,thus illustrating the universality of this approach.In total,eight analytical methods were developed,with the experimental data showing that all the SPME-based methods provided good analytical performance with R2 of linearities larger than 0.9925,accuracies between 81％and 118％,and good precision with an RSD％≤13％.

Analysis of combined screening results for hearing and deafness in 842 newborns in Dalian / 中国医师进修杂志

Objective:To analyze the results of the joint screening of newborn hearing and deafness genes in Dalian to provide a reference for the prevention and control of hereditary deafness.Methods:Eight hundred and forty-two neonates born in Dalian Women and Children′s Medical Group from January 1, 2022 to May 30, 2022 were screened retrospectively, using AABR (automatic brainstem evoked potential). And 20 mutation sites of common genetic deafness 4 genes , including GJB2, GJB3, SLC26A4 (PDS) and mitochondrial genes associated with drug-induced deafness (MT-RNRI)(12SrRNA), were detected by high-throughput sequencing.Results:Among the 842 newborns, 840 passed hearing screening (99.8%); 36 cases (4.3%) passed the hearing screening but not the hearing loss gene screening; 804 cases passed through the both screening (95.5%); 2 cases (0.24%) failed in the both screening. 38 cases of deafness gene mutations were detected, with a total carrying rate of 4.51% (38/842). Among them, the carrying rates of heterozygous mutations in GJB2, GJB3, SLC26A4 (PDS), MT-RNRI (12SrRNA) were 1.90%, 0.24%, 1.30%, and 0.95%, respectively. The carrying rates of GJB2/GJB3 composite heterozygous mutations were 0.12%.Conclusions:The combined screening of neonatal hearing and deafness genes can reduce the missed rate of hearing screening. The carrier rate of neonatal deafness gene in Dalian is 4.51%, with the highest GJB 2 carrier rate, followed by SLC26A4 (PDS) carrier rate.

Preparation of a polypeptide fluorescent probe based on aggregation induced luminescence and its application in the detection of early dental caries / 国际生物医学工程杂志

Objective:To prepare a peptide fluorescent probe based on aggregation-induced emission and to investigate its application in the detection of early caries.Methods:Eight aspartate-serine-serine (DSS) were combined with aggregation-induced emission material to prepare peptide fluorescent probes, and an artificial demineralization model was established in vitro. The samples were immersed in the peptide fluorescent probe solution for 1 min, and a fluorescence imaging system was applied to examine the tooth samples and collect images and fluorescence data. Scanning electron microscopy was also applied to observe the phenotype of the teeth, and electron microscopy was applied to detect the calcium-phosphorus ratio on the enamel surface of the teeth. Polarized light microscopy was also applied to observe the enamel area of the teeth. Results:The fluorescence intensity of demineralized teeth was clearly observed to be lower than that of normal teeth in the peptide fluorescent probe-treated area, and the difference was statistically significant ( P < 0.05). The results of scanning electron microscopy showed that the enamel surface of the demineralized group had more irregular pores, while the enamel surface of the undemineralized group was flatter with only some irregular accumulation of flakes. The results of polarized light microscopy showed that a clear birefringence could be observed in the enamel region of normal teeth, while a black area or the disappearance of the birefringence effect accompanied by a partial black dark shadow could be observed in the enamel region of demineralized teeth. Conclusions:An aggregation-induced luminescence-based peptide fluorescent probe was successfully prepared, which can precisely localize the enamel and show some application value in early caries detection.

Identification of Traditional Chinese Medicine Seahorses Using Graphene Oxide-based Fluorescent Sensing Technology / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo establish a method for seahorse identification based on graphene oxide fluorescence sensing technology， and to provide a new research idea for identification of traditional Chinese medicine. MethodThe fluorophore FAM was labeled at the 5' end of the specificity upstream primer Ja-F of Hippocampus japonicus as the nucleic acid probe FAM-ssDNA （single strand DNA）. The recognition site of RNA polymerase Ⅱ was added to its specific downstream primer Ja-R as Ja-R1. The seahorse samples were amplified with Ja-F/Ja-R1 primers， and the ssDNA of H. japonicus was obtained by reverse transcription of the amplification products using vitro transcription method. The 20 μL nucleic acid probe FAM-ssDNA （500 nmol·L-1） was incubated at 90 ℃ for 5 min， and was gradually cooled to room temperature. Different volume of graphene oxide solution （100 mg·L-1） and Tris hydroxymethyl amino methane HCl （Tris-HCl） buffer （50 mmol·L-1） were added into each probe solution to make a final reaction volume of 1 mL. The fluorescence intensity of each sample was measured after mixing and placing different times at room temperature away from the light. So that the most appropriate graphene oxide concentration and reaction time were screened for constructing the best nucleic acid probe-graphene oxide biosensor. Adding probe complementary sequence FAM-ssDNA-match solution into the nucleic acid probe-graphene oxide solution， the fluorescence intensity of the reaction mixture was measured after being placed different times at room temperature. Therefore， the optimal reaction time of fluorescence recovery was screened and the feasibility of the sensor was tested. The sensitivity was detected via adding ddH2O as the blank control and different concentration H. japonicus ssDNA into each nucleic acid probe-graphene oxide solution， respectively. Finally， the commercial hippocampal were identified using the optimal experimental condition， and the feasibility of this method for the identification of Chinese medicinal materials was verified. ResultThe fluorescence of 1 mL reaction mixture including 10 nmol·L-1 nucleic acid probe FAM-ssDNA and 12 mg·L-1 go solution for 20 min at room temperature away from the light could be completely quenched. Feasibility test of the biosensor showed that when probe complementary sequence FAM-ssDNA-match solution （final concentration 90 nmol·L-1） was added to the biosensor solution and reacted 1 h reaction at room temperature， the fluorescence signal was significantly enhanced. Sensitivity test showed that the minimum concentration of ssDNA detected by this method was about 10 mg·L-1. This method was used to detect commercial seahorses， and only H. japonicus samples had obvious fluorescence signal. ConclusionThe graphene oxide-based fluorescent sensing technology could be used for zoological origin survey of commercial hippocampus.

Application of Worst lacrimal probe combined with modified lacrimal duct threading intubation in anastomosis of complex canalicular laceration / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM: To investigate the application value of Worst lacrimal probe combined with modified lacrimal duct intubation in anastomosis of complex canalicular laceration.METHODS: Retrospective study. A total of 68 cases(68 eyes)with complex traumatic canalicular laceration treated in the ophthalmology department of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University from March 1, 2019 to March 31, 2021 were selected. They were divided into two groups according to the surgical methods, with 36 patients(36 eyes)who were treated with the Worst lacrimal probe to find the broken end of lacrimal duct combined with improved lacrimal duct threading intubation in group A, and 32 patients(32 eyes)who were treated with microscope to find the broken end of lacrimal duct and two-way intubation anastomosis canaliculus intubation in group B. The clinical efficacy, success rate of intraoperative search for the broken end of lacrimal duct, searching time, operation time, the degree of pain, postoperative ocular foreign body sensation and complications were compared between the two groups.RESULTS: The total effective rate of clinical efficacy in patients of group A was higher than that in group B(94% vs. 38%), the success rate of intraoperative search for broken end of lacrimal duct was higher than that in group B(100% vs. 47%), the searching time and operation time were shorter than those in group B, and the score of pain degree was lower than that in group B(all P&#x0026;#x003C;0.05). The postoperative follow-up for 6mo-1a showed that the ocular foreign body sensation score, the incidence of lacrimal punctum rupture and morphological change, and the degree of tear overflow in group A were all lower than those in group B(all P&#x0026;#x003C;0.05).CONCLUSION: Worst lacrimal probe combined with modified lacrimal duct intubation for the treatment of complex traumatic canalicular laceration can find the broken end of lacrimal duct more accurately, shorten the operation time, reduce the pain and foreign body sensation of patients, improve clinical efficacy and reduce the incidence of complications.

Discovery and identification of EIF2AK2 as a direct key target of berberine for anti-inflammatory effects

Using chemoproteomic techniques, we first identified EIF2AK2, eEF1A1, PRDX3 and VPS4B as direct targets of berberine (BBR) for its synergistically anti-inflammatory effects. Of them, BBR has the strongest affinity with EIF2AK2 via two ionic bonds, and regulates several key inflammatory pathways through EIF2AK2, indicating the dominant role of EIF2AK2. Also, BBR could subtly inhibit the dimerization of EIF2AK2, rather than its enzyme activity, to selectively modulate its downstream pathways including JNK, NF-κB, AKT and NLRP3, with an advantage of good safety profile. In EIF2AK2 gene knockdown mice, the inhibitory IL-1β, IL-6, IL-18 and TNF-α secretion of BBR was obviously attenuated, confirming an EIF2AK2-dependent anti-inflammatory efficacy. The results highlight the BBR's network mechanism on anti-inflammatory effects in which EIF2AK2 is a key target, and inhibition of EIF2AK2 dimerization has a potential to be a therapeutic strategy against inflammation-related disorders.

Using Next-Generation Sequencing Technology to Confirm the HLA Rare Alleles Detected by PCR-SSOP / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To confirm the HLA genotypes of the samples including 4 cases of magnetic bead probe HLA genotyping result pattern abnormality and 3 cases of ambiguous result detected by PCR sequence-specific oligonudeotide probe (SSOP) method.@*METHODS@#All samples derived from HLA high-resolution typing laboratory were detected by PCR-SSOP. A total of 4 samples of magnetic bead probe HLA genotyping result pattern abnormality and 3 samples of ambiguous result were further confirmed by PCR sequence-based typing (SBT) technology and next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology.@*RESULTS@#A total of 4 samples of magnetic bead probe HLA genotyping result pattern abnormality were detected by PCR-SSOP method. The results of SBT and NGS showed that the HLA-A genotype of sample 1 did not match any known genotypes. NGS analysis revealed that the novel allele was different from the closest matching allele A*31:01:02:01at position 154 with G>A in exon 2, which resulting in one amino acid substitution at codon 28 from Valine to Methionine (p.Val28Met). The HLA-C genotype of sample 2 was C*03:119, 06:02, sample 3 was C*03:03, 07:137, and sample 4 was B*55:02, 55:12. A total of 3 samples with ambiguous result were initially detected by PCR-SSOP method. The re-examination results of SBT and NGS showed that the HLA-B genotype of sample 5 was B*15:58, 38:02, sample 6 was DRB1*04:05, 14:101, and sample 7 was DQB1*03:34, 05:02. Among them, alleles C*03:119, C*07:137 and DRB1*14:101 were not included in the Common and Well-documented Alleles (CWD) v2.4 of the Chinese Hematopoietic Stem Cell Donor Database.@*CONCLUSION@#The abnormal pattern of HLA genotyping results of magnetic probe by PCR-SSOP method suggests that it may be a rare allele or a novel allele, which needs to be verified by sequencing.

Cost analysis of GenoType® MTBDRplus and GenoType® MTBDRsl at the State Laboratory of São Paulo, Brazil

ABSTRACT Background: We aimed to evaluate the costs of GenoType® MTBDRplus and MTBDRsl incurred during the diagnosis of first- and second-line drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB) in São Paulo, Brazil. Methods: Mean and activity-based costs of GenoType® were calculated in a referral laboratory for TB in Brazil. Results: The mean cost value and activity-based cost of GenoType® MTBDRplus were USD 19.78 and USD 35.80 and those of MTBDRsl were USD 54.25 and USD 41.85, respectively. Conclusions: The cost of GenoType® MTBDRplus was reduced owing to the high number of examinations performed and work optimization.

Devenir de la pose de la sonde double J pour obstruction du haut appareil urinaire Etude documentaire d'une série des cas du Centre National Hospitalo-Universitaire Hubert Koutoukou Mage à Cotonou, Benin / Outcome of the installation of the double J probe for upper urinary tract obstruction: A case series from the Hubert Koutoukou Mage National University Hospital, Cotonou, Benin

Contexte et objectifs. La sonde double J est très utilisée de nos jours dans le drainage des urines du haut appareil. L'objectif de la présente étude était de décrire le devenir de la pose de la sonde double J. Méthodes. Il s'est agi d'une étude documentaire d'une série des cas ayant bénéficié d'un drainage urinaire du haut appareil par une sonde double J au Centre National Hospitalo-Universitaire Hubert Koutoukou Maga de Cotonou, Bénin ; entre les 1er avril 2018 et 31 mars 2021. Résultats. Les dossiers de cent trois patients (âge moyen 48,4 ans, sexe masculin, 58,3 %) ont été colligés. La pose de la sonde double J représentait 84,74 %. La pose de la sonde double J était unilatérale dans 76,7 % des cas avec une prédominance à droite (56,0 %). L'abord par voie endoscopique pour la pose de la sonde double J était la plus pratiquée (89,3 %). La pose de la sonde double J a été effectuée sans guidage fluoroscopique (à l'aveugle) dans 73,7 % et la durée moyenne du port de cette sonde était 118,37 jours. La fonction rénale était perturbée avec un débit de filtration glomérulaire < 60 ml/minute/1,75 m2 chez 33,0 % des patients. Les étiologies à la base d'une obstruction étaient dominées par la pathologie lithiasique (63,1 %). Le taux de réussite de la sonde double J était de 77,6 %. Les échecs de la sonde double J étaient dus aux pathologies tumorales dans 15,53 %. La durée moyenne d'hospitalisation après la pose de la sonde double J par voie endoscopique était de 7,72 jours. Conclusion. Le syndrome obstructif surtout d'origine lithiasique reste la plus importante indication de l'usage de la sonde double J. Sa réalisation sans guidage fluoroscopique (à l'aveugle) est possible dans le milieu ne disposant pas d'amplificateur de brillance.

Screening of rpsL mutations in streptomycin resistance gene of 104 strains of Yersinia pestis strains in south area of Qinghai Province by TaqMan-MGB fluorescent probe / 中国热带医学

@#Abstract: Objective To investigate the current status of streptomycin resistance of Yersinia pestis caused by point mutations of rpsL gene in Qinghai, so as to provide theoretical basis for precise clinical medication and prevention of drug resistance of human plague outbreak in South area of Qinghai Province in the future. Methods A total of 104 representative strains of Yersinia pestis collected from plague patients, vector insects and intermediate hosts in South area of Qinghai Province from 1957 to 2009 were screened, isolated and cultured by Hiss agar plates. The DNA of representative Yersinia pestis was extracted by sodium dodecyl sulfate lysis and phenol-chloroform method. The primers forward primer and reverse primer and TaqMan-MGB probes probe1 [FAM] and probe2 [VIC] were designed for the rpsL gene of streptomycin resistance gene in China. Real-time PCR with TaqMan-MGB fluorescent probe was used to detect the mutations of rpsL gene in streptomycin resistance locus of 104 strains of Yersinia pestis in South area of Qinghai Province. Results The FAM test results of 104 strains in South area of Qinghai Province were positive, corresponding to the detection of rpsL (128 : A ), RFU peak >1 000,negative <200. VIC test results of all tested strains were negative, corresponding to the detection of rpsL (128:G), RFU peak <200, positive >1 000. That is, no strains with rpsL gene mutation related to streptomycin resistance were found in the 104 strains of Yersinia pestis in Qingnan Province. Conclusion This study provides basic data on the distribution of streptomycin resistance of Yersinia pestis in South area of Qinghai Province, and lays a foundation for preventing the occurrence of drug resistance and clinical treatment of Yersinia pestis in South area of Qinghai Province.

Research progress of active probes targeting specific aminoacids / 药学学报

Activity-based protein (proteomic) profiling (ABPP) has emerged as a key component of the broad field of chemical techniques capable of directly analyzing enzyme activity in living systems. With the deepening of research on electrophilic warheads and nucleophilic amino acids, and the continuous proposal and improvement of effective development strategies, the application of amino acid-targeting active probes in various biological systems has facilitated the identification, development of new targets in various disease contexts and discovery of inhibitors. The purpose of this review is to summarize the latest progress in the design and application of active probes targeting specific amino acids, in order to provide support for the further development of amino acid-targeted covalent inhibitordrugs.

Primer probes for targeted identification and detection of Bifidobacterium animalis and their application / 中国药科大学学报

@#In this study, in order to overcome the shortcomings of the current methods used to identify Bifidobacterium animalis, such as long time, complicated operation and low adaptability of experimental environment, specific primer probes were designed based on ERIC-PCR technology to identify and detect B.animalis.Based on the genomic DNA of B.animalis HP-B1124, the ERIC-PCR reaction conditions of B.animalis HP-B1124 were optimized, and the ERIC-PCR fragments were obtained one by one and sequenced.Two pairs of specific primer probes were designed.The accuracy, specificity, limitation and universality of the two pairs of primer probes were evaluated, and the two pairs of specific primer probes were used for testing the products containing B.animalis in the commercially published formula.The two pairs of specific primer probes designed in this study could be used for identified strains of B.animalis more simply, quickly and targeted.This method has optimized the current relatively traditional methods of pure culture and plate counting identification of B.animalis, and has solved the high requirements of SNP genotyping technology and real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR method for experimental equipment and reagents in the identification of B.animalis to a certain extent.It has the characteristics of low cost, high specificity and earn a broad market development prospect.

Screening and identification of CD44v9 specific peptide ligand for gastric cancer detection / 西安交通大学学报(医学版)

【Objective】 To screen and verify a peptide ligand specific for CD44v9. 【Methods】 A 12-mer phage peptide library was screened on CD44v9 coated on solid phase. Candidate sequences emerged after sequencing. Candidate phages were selected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The best sequence was chosen for further study. Binding of C9-3 to CD44v overexpressed HEK-293 cells was determined using immunofluorescence. Binding affinity and specificity were verified on gastric cancer tissues with immunohistochemistry. 【Results】 Phages significantly were enriched during panning process. After sequencing, nine individual sequences occurred in 30 selected clones. Among the 9 candidate sequences, C9-3 exhibited the highest frequency. Results of ELISA showed that C9-3 had the highest OD value and selectivity. Thus, C9-3 was chosen for peptide probe synthesis. C9-3 probe stained CD44v overexpressed HEK-293 cells, but not empty vector transfected HEK-293 cells. Immunohistochemistry scores of C9-3 were significantly different between gastric cancer and paracancer tissues (t=3.953, P<0.01). A linear positive correlation was observed between C9-3 binding and CD44v9 expression (r=0.823, P<0.01). 【Conclusion】 In this study, peptide ligand of CD44v9 was successfully screened. The peptide can bind to cells and cancer tissues via CD44v9. It has potential for gastric targeting probes.

Concordance of identifying the presence or absence of KIR genes by Flow-rSSO and PCR-SBT methods: a comparative study / 中国输血杂志

【Objective】 To study the concordance of identifying the presence or absence of KIR genes using flow reverse sequence-specific oligonucleotide probe (Flow-rSSO) hybridization and sequencing based typing-PCR (PCR-SBT) methods. 【Methods】 A total number of 131 cases of DNA samples from Han population were subjected to identify the presence or absence of all 16 KIR genes by Flow-rSSO method, and then sequenced at coding sequence for all 14 functional KIR genes using our in-house KIR PCR-SBT assay. The concordance of identifying the presence or absence of all functional KIR genes by Flow-rSSO and PCR-SBT was analyzed. Samples with inconsistent initial results were re-tested using the Flow-rSSO commercial kits with different Lot number, and further tested using the PCR-SSP commercial kit. 【Results】 The presence or absence of 14 functional KIR genes for 129 of 131 samples were completely in accordance via the PCR-SBT and Flow-rSSO methods. Two samples, one with 3DL1 negative, the other with both 2DS3 and 2DS5 negative initially-identified by Flow-rSSO, were actually all positive tested by PCR-SBT. Further retest by Flow-rSSO commercial kits with different Lot number and PCR-SSP commercial kit indicated that the two samples were all positive, which agreed well with PCR-SBT results. 【Conclusion】 In this paper, the initial test results of the presence or absence of KIR genes identified by Flow-rSSO for 2 samples were wrong, which indicated the importance of carrying out the quality control for reagents in KIR gene testing.

Advances in fluorescence probes for detection of hydrogen polysulfides / 中国药科大学学报

@#Sulfane sulfur species in the reactive sulfur species family include hydrogen polysulfides (H2Sn, n ≥2), which play an essential role in physiological regulation and signal transduction. As a redox pair of H2S, H2Sn can be produced through oxidation or enzyme reaction and regulate protein interaction and enzyme activity.Research has revealed that H2Sn, with higher efficiency of protein S-sulfhydration than H2S, may be responsible for some physiological functions previously attributed to H2S.Therefore, real-time detection of H2Sn is crucial for studying its physiological activity and the relationship between H2S and H2Sn.Traditional detection methods, such as mass spectrometry, are not suitable for living organisms as they require tissue cell disruption.Instead, fluorescence probes are often used for in situ real-time detection due to their high sensitivity and specificity and low biological toxicity.This review summarizes the physiological regulatory activity of H2Sn, as well as the design strategy, response mechanism, fluorescence characteristics, and biological applications of H2Sn fluorescent probes based on the structure of the response group, with a prospect of the challenges and developments in this field.

Recent advances in chemical fluorescent probes sensitive to tumor microenvironments / 药学学报

Cancer seriously threatens human life and health, it is urgent for the development of rapid detection, precise localization and effective treatment of tumors. Chemical fluorescent probes that are sensitive to tumor-specific microenvironments have important significance in tumor theranostics and a variety of such probes have been developed. In this review, we classified chemical fluorescent probes that are sensitive to tumor microenvironments according to biological characteristics and microenvironmental changes while combining spectroscopy or response mechanisms, and systematically introduced the research progress of chemical fluorescent probes with sensitivity to hypoxia, low polarity, high viscosity, abnormal pH values and abundant reactive oxygen species in tumor microenvironments, in order to provide references for the development and applications of these probes.

Research progress of small molecule fluorescent probes for ferrous ion and heme / 药学学报

Small molecule fluorescent probes have gained widespread attention for their advantages of high selectivity, sensitivity, and easy to operate, and have played a critical role in the detection of various species. They have also demonstrated great potential in the field of biomedical research. Iron, as the most abundant transition metal in the human body, plays a vital role in many physiological functions. Due to the influence of the reductive microenvironment of cell, ferrous ion (Fe2+) is the main component of labile iron in living cells. Heme, consisting of Fe2+ and protoporphyrin IX, is one of the main signaling molecules that wrap biological iron in the human body, and also participates in many physiological and pathological processes. Therefore, the development of small molecule fluorescent probes for detecting Fe2+ and heme as effective monitoring tools will help to further understand their pathological and physiological functions, with potential applications in other fields. This review summarizes the research progress of small molecule fluorescent probes for Fe2+ and heme detection in recent years, and provides insights into future directions for their development.

Bioorthogonal click-to-release reaction for regulating iodo-BODIPY PDT probe / 药学学报

In this study, we synthesized six tetrazine-dipyrromethene boron difluoride (BODIPY) probes and achieved a remarkable up to 14-fold increase in singlet oxygen yield via tetrazine bioorthogonal click-to-release reactions. We systematically investigated the photodynamic activity of these probes, revealing crucial structure-activity relationships. Additionally, we evaluated the stability and release kinetics of these probes and identified P5 and P6 as ideal candidates for photodynamic therapy in live cells. This innovative strategy opens new avenues for fine-tuning the photodynamic properties of BODIPY dyes, thereby expanding their utility in cancer therapy.

Design and synthesis of peptide-drug conjugates and fluorescent probe based on α-conotoxin ArIBV11L,V16D / 药学学报

italic>α-Conotoxin ArIB[V11L,V16D] is currently the most optimal selective inhibitor of α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) known. In order to explore chemical modification methods and enrich its application in targeting nAChR, this study utilized the linker to covalently connect camptothecin and 7-amino-4-methylcoumarin to the [2,4] disulfide bond of ArIB[V11L,V16D]. Therefore, two peptide-drug conjugates (PDCs), ArIB[V11L,V16D]-5 and ArIB[V11L,V16D]-6, and one fluorescent-labeled peptide, ArIB[V11L,V16D]-7 were constructed. Cytotoxicity evaluation showed that the IC50 values against non-small cell lung cancer cell line A549 of the two PDCs were respectively 1.3 and 4.1 times of camptothecin, indicating slight reduction in activity at the cellular level which was related to the linker structure. Fluorescence spectrum scanning revealed that the excitation and emission wavelength of the fluorescent-labeled peptide were 340 nm and 403 nm respectively, and the fluorescence features of 7-amino-4-methylcoumarin as a marker were retained without fluorescence quenching. This modification strategy laid a solid foundation for the further application of α-conotoxin ArIB[V11L,V16D] in PDCs and fluorescent probes.